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Foods That Raise Creatinine Levels
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Serum Creatinine Normal Range By Age: Can Its Level Change Quickly
Each number in parentheses [1, 2, 3, etc.] A plus sign next to a number “[1+, 2+, etc…]” means that the information was found in a full scientific study, not an abstract.
Creatinine is an indicator of kidney function. In this article, we discuss how it is produced, eliminated, and why it is an important indicator of kidney disease or reduced kidney function. We’ll also look at low creatinine levels, which are less discussed.
Creatinine is a waste product produced during normal muscle wear [1]. It is derived from creatine, a protein needed to produce energy for muscle contraction [2]. Consumption of cooked meat can also enter the body.
Creatinine production is largely a reflection of lean body mass, and since this mass varies little from day to day, the rate of production is also fairly constant. Women, children, and the elderly have lower creatinine levels than adults because they have less muscle mass [1].
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Creatinine is excreted from the body by the kidneys, which filter almost all of it from the blood into the urine. When the kidneys are not working properly, creatine accumulates in the blood. Therefore, blood levels are usually a good indicator of how well your kidneys are working [3, 1].
Creatinine levels may be tested alone or as part of a basic metabolic panel (BMP) or a comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP).
Kidneys are organs that filter the blood and remove toxins and excess water. This filtration cleans the blood and maintains a stable environment (homeostasis) in the body [4].
Creatinine, like other waste molecules, enters the kidneys and is filtered in special compartments (glomeruli). After filtration, it is excreted in the urine [4].
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When the kidneys are not working well, less creatinine is filtered from the blood and the blood creatinine level rises. Kidney function can be assessed by measuring creatinine clearance (inconvenient) or serum creatinine (easier and cheaper) [5].
The most direct way to measure creatinine clearance is to collect a 24-hour urine sample and a blood sample. Alternatively, a formula using serum creatinine level, age, weight, and gender can also be used to calculate clearance [5].
Regardless of the calculation method used, the value of creatinine clearance indicates how much of the kidney is removed from the blood, and it allows to assess the function of the kidneys [5].
Although creatinine clearance provides one of the most direct and cost-effective methods for assessing renal function, its measurement has several drawbacks [6, 7]:
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However, although high blood creatinine levels are often associated with kidney dysfunction, other factors can also increase or decrease creatinine levels. Therefore, your doctor will interpret this test based on your medical history, signs, symptoms, and other test results.
For several decades, eGFR, or estimated glomerular filtration rate, has been routinely calculated based on creatinine levels. eGFR is a more accurate measure of kidney function than serum creatinine.
Creatinine levels increase with muscle mass. Age, gender, ethnicity, diet and other factors also affect its production [8, 9].
A normal test doesn’t mean you don’t have kidney disease. Your doctor will interpret your results along with your medical history and other test results, such as glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), phosphate, calcium, sodium, potassium, and glucose.
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As the kidneys become weakened for whatever reason, it becomes more difficult to filter out waste and toxins. As a result, the level of creatinine in the blood increases. However, there are several other factors that can increase creatinine levels.
A high creatinine level by itself does not cause symptoms. Even if your levels are above normal, you may not notice a change. However, high creatinine is often caused by an underlying condition that affects kidney function, such as kidney disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, or hypothyroidism. In these cases, you experience symptoms of an underlying disease/disorder. Work with your doctor to treat any underlying condition.
The causes listed below are usually associated with high creatinine. Work with your doctor or other health care professional to get an accurate diagnosis. Your doctor will interpret this test based on your medical history and other tests. A slightly higher result may not be medically significant, as this test often varies from day to day and from person to person.
Creatinine is often tested to measure kidney function. If creatinine is high, it may indicate kidney disease or reduced kidney function [10, 11].
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Diabetes can damage the blood vessels in the kidney, which in turn reduces the kidney’s ability to filter waste products, including creatinine, from the blood [12].
Studies have shown that a high-protein diet increases serum creatinine levels in both healthy individuals and those with renal failure [13, 14].
Also, eating cooked meat before the test can cause an increase in creatinine levels. This is because cooking converts creatine in meat (muscles) to creatinine [15, 16].
Exercise can increase creatinine in the short term, due to muscle damage or in the long term due to increased muscle mass [15, 17].
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Studies of healthy people have shown a direct relationship between muscle mass and blood creatinine levels. This correlation is significant for both male and female adults [17].
Levels may normalize rapidly with thyroid hormone replacement after short periods of hypothyroidism, but may normalize more slowly after long periods of severe hypothyroidism [20].
There is a bidirectional relationship between kidney disease and heart disease, with each condition increasing the risk of the other.
In heart failure, renal blood flow is reduced, which decreases creatinine filtration and increases serum creatinine [23, 24].
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Discuss your medications with your doctor. They will evaluate your test results, taking into account your medications and other relevant factors, to determine whether a result outside the reference range is meaningful for you.
Contact your doctor or pharmacist if you notice side effects from the medication, such as tiredness, dry or itchy skin, blood in the urine, or anything else unusual.
Consult your doctor for medical advice about side effects. In the United States, you can report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch. In Canada, you can report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.
Work with your doctor to find out what’s causing your high creatinine and treat any underlying conditions.
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If you have kidney disease, your doctor may prescribe medication to help manage your symptoms. Some medications used in patients with kidney disease include water pills (diuretics), blood pressure medications, erythropoietin, and others.
Dialysis is a common treatment for people with kidney disease. This medical procedure is used for people whose kidneys cannot remove waste products effectively.
If you have kidney disease, you may need to limit your protein intake. Kidneys have to work harder when the diet is high in protein, and a high-protein diet can worsen kidney function [34].
Similarly, if your kidneys are not working properly, your blood levels of phosphorus and potassium may increase, in which case you may need to limit your intake. Talk to your doctor about a proper diet to protect your kidney health [35, 36].
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Finally, if kidney damage is a problem, it is important to monitor and manage your blood pressure to prevent further kidney damage [37, 38, 39].
Discuss the additional strategies listed below with your doctor. None of these should be taken in lieu of what your doctor recommends or prescribes!
High blood creatinine can be a result of dehydration. It is important to stay hydrated by drinking about two liters of water per day [40].
A study of 154 overweight or obese men found that weight loss improved kidney health and reduced creatinine levels [41].
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Low blood creatinine is not always a problem. They may simply indicate a low protein diet [43]. Your doctor will interpret your results based on your medical history, symptoms, and other test results.
The following causes are often associated with low blood creatinine. Work with your doctor or other healthcare professional
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