Functions Of Different Lobes Of The Brain

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The brain is a complex organ that controls thought, memory, emotion, touch, motor skills, vision, breathing, temperature, appetite and every process that controls our body. Together, the brain and the spinal cord that extend from it make up the central nervous system, or CNS.

Functions Of Different Lobes Of The Brain

Weighing about 3 pounds in an average adult, the brain is about 60 percent fat. The remaining 40% is a mixture of water, protein, carbohydrates and salts. The brain itself is not a muscle. Contains blood vessels and nerves, including neurons and glial cells.

The Anatomy Of The Cerebral Cortex

Gray matter and white matter are two distinct areas of the central nervous system. In the brain, gray matter represents the darker, outer part, while white matter describes the lighter inner part underneath. In the spinal cord, this order is reversed: white matter is on the outside and gray matter is on the inside.

Gray matter is composed primarily of neuron soma (spherical central cell bodies), and white matter is composed mostly of axons (long fibers that connect neurons together) wrapped in myelin (a protective sheath). The two appear as different shades on certain scans due to the different structure of the neuron’s parts.

Each region has a different role. Gray matter is primarily responsible for processing and interpreting information, while white matter conveys this information to other parts of the nervous system.

The brain sends and receives chemical and electrical signals throughout the body. Different signals control different processes, and your brain interprets each one. Some make you feel tired, for example, while others make you feel pain.

Lobes Images, Stock Photos & Vectors

Some messages are stored in the brain, while others are transmitted to distant extremities through the spinal cord and the body’s vast network of nerves. To do this, the central nervous system relies on billions of neurons (nerve cells).

The cerebrum (front part of the brain) consists of gray matter (cerebral cortex) and white matter in its center. The largest part of the brain, the cerebrum initiates and coordinates movement and regulates temperature. Other areas of the brain enable speech, judgment, thinking and reasoning, problem solving, emotions and learning. Other functions are related to sight, hearing, touch and other senses.

Cortex means “bark” in Latin and describes the outer covering of the brain’s gray matter. The cortex has a large surface area due to its folds and contains about half the weight of the brain.

The cerebral cortex is divided into two parts or hemispheres. It is covered with ridges (gyri) and folds (chara). The two parts join in a wide, deep groove (interhemispheric fissure, aka median longitudinal fissure) that runs from the front to the back of the head. The right hemisphere controls the left side of the body and the left hemisphere controls the right side of the body. The two parts communicate with each other through a large, C-shaped structure of white matter and nerve pathways called the corpus callosum. The corpus callosum is in the center of the brain.

Brain Functions Hi Res Stock Photography And Images

The brainstem (center of the brain) connects the brain to the spinal cord. The brain stem consists of the midbrain, shaft, and medulla.

The spinal cord extends from the lower part of the medulla and through a large foramen into the lower part of the skull. Supported by the spinal cord, the spinal cord carries messages to and from the brain and the rest of the body.

The cerebellum (“little brain”) is a fist-sized part of the brain located at the back of the head, below the temporal and occipital lobes and above the brain stem. Like the cerebral cortex, it has two hemispheres. The outer part contains neurons, and the inner part communicates with the cerebral cortex. Its function is to coordinate voluntary muscle movements and maintain posture, balance and equilibrium. New studies explore the cerebellum’s roles in thought, emotion, and social behavior, as well as its possible involvement in addiction, autism, and schizophrenia.

Each hemisphere of the brain (parts of the brain) consists of four divisions, called lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital. Each lobe controls specific functions.

Brain Region Function In Neurofeedback Training Organization

Sometimes called the “master gland,” the pituitary gland is a pea-sized structure found deep in the brain behind the bridge of the nose. The pituitary gland controls the function of other glands in the body, regulating the flow of hormones from the thyroid, adrenal glands, ovaries and testicles. It receives chemical signals from the hypothalamus through the stem and blood supply.

The hypothalamus is located above the pituitary gland and sends it chemical messages that control its function. It regulates body temperature, coordinates sleep patterns, regulates hunger and thirst, and also plays a role in some aspects of memory and emotions.

Small, almond-shaped structures, an amygdala is located under each half (hemisphere) of the brain. Included in the limbic system, the amygdala regulates emotions and memory and is involved in the brain’s reward system, stress, and the “fight or flight” response when someone feels threatened.

A curved, seahorse-shaped organ on the underside of each temporal lobe, the hippocampus is part of a larger structure known as the hippocampal structure. It supports memory, learning, navigation and spatial perception. It receives information from the cerebral cortex and may play a role in Alzheimer’s disease.

Human Brain Anatomy And Function

The pineal gland is located deep in the brain and is connected by a stalk to the upper part of the third ventricle. The pineal gland responds to light and dark and secretes melatonin, which regulates circadian rhythms and sleep-wake cycles.

Deep in the brain are four open areas and passages between them. They also open into the central spinal canal and into the area beneath the arachnoid layer of the meninges.

The ventricles produce cerebrospinal fluid, or CSF, a watery fluid that circulates around the ventricles and spinal cord and between the meninges. CSF surrounds and cushions the spinal cord and brain, removes waste and impurities, and supplies nutrients.

Two sets of blood vessels supply blood and oxygen to the brain: the vertebral arteries and the carotid arteries.

Parts Of The Brain: Different Parts Of Brain And Their Functions

The external carotid arteries extend to the sides of the neck and are where you can feel your pulse when you touch the area with your fingertips. The internal carotid arteries enter the skull and circulate blood to the front of the brain.

The vertebral arteries follow the spinal cord into the skull, where they join at the level of the brain to form the basilar artery, which supplies blood to the posterior parts of the brain.

The circle of Willis, a loop of blood vessels in the lower part of the brain that connects the major arteries, circulates blood from the front to the back of the brain and helps the arterial systems communicate with each other.

The first two nerves originate in the brain, and the remaining 10 cranial nerves emerge from the brain stem, which has three parts: the midbrain, the shaft, and the medulla. The cerebral cortex is highly deformed; The ridge of a single convolution is known as a gyrus, and the fissure between two convolutions is known as a sulcus. The sulci and gyri form a more or less stable pattern, on the basis of which the surface of each cerebral hemisphere is generally divided into four lobes: (1) frontal, (2) parietal, (3) temporal, and (4) occipital. Two major grooves located on the lateral or lateral surface of each hemisphere separate these lobes. The central sulcus, or fissure of Rolando, separates the frontal and parietal lobes, and the deep lateral sulcus, or fissure of Sylvius, forms the border between the temporal lobe and the frontal and parietal lobes.

The Human Brain Eq What Are The Different Parts Of The Brain And Their Functions?

The frontal lobe, the largest of the cerebral lobes, lies rostral to the central sulcus (ie towards the nose in the sulcus). An important structure in the frontal lobe is the precentral gyrus, which forms the primary motor area of ​​the brain. When parts of the gyrus are electrically stimulated in conscious patients (under local anesthesia), they produce local movements on the opposite side of the body, which are interpreted by the patients as voluntary. Damage to parts of the precentral gyrus leads to paralysis on the contralateral half of the body. Parts of the inferior frontal lobe (near the lateral sulcus) form Broca’s area, a region involved in speech (

The parietal lobe, posterior to the central sulcus, is divided into three parts: (1) the postcentral gyrus, (2) the superior parietal lobule, and (3) the inferior parietal lobule. The postcentral gyrus receives sensory input from the contralateral half of the body. The sequential representation is similar to that of the primary motor area, with head sensations represented in the lower parts of the gyrus and impulses from the lower extremities in the upper parts. The superior parietal lobule is located caudal (ie below and behind) behind the postcentral gyrus, which lies above the intraparietal sulcus. This lobe is considered the association cortex, an area that is not involved in either sensory or motor processing, although part of the superior parietal lobe may be related to motor function. The inferior parietal lobe (composed of the angular and supramarginal gyri) is a cortical region involved in multisensory integration.

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